An In-Depth Overview of Computer Security in Bangladesh

Introduction

As digital transformation accelerates worldwide, Bangladesh has rapidly embraced technology in government, education, finance, healthcare, and business. From e-governance platforms to mobile banking apps, the country has made impressive strides in digitalization. However, this progress has also brought increasing concerns over computer security, as cyber threats grow in frequency and complexity.

Computer security—also known as cybersecurity—refers to the protection of computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, theft, disruption, or damage. In Bangladesh, computer security is now a major focus for both the public and private sectors as the country strengthens its digital infrastructure.

1. Overview of the Digital Landscape in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has witnessed significant digital growth over the last two decades:

Over 125 million internet users as of 2024
Widespread use of mobile financial services like bKash and Nagad
National initiatives such as Digital Bangladesh Vision 2021
Implementation of e-Government services (e.g., digital ID, online taxes, digital land records)
Increasing adoption of cloud computing and data centers

While this transformation boosts efficiency and connectivity, it also makes systems more vulnerable to cyber attacks, especially in the absence of adequate security frameworks.

2. Major Cybersecurity Threats in Bangladesh

Bangladesh faces a broad range of cybersecurity threats, including:

a. Phishing and Social Engineering

Fake emails and SMS messages target individuals and businesses to steal sensitive data.
Government agencies and financial institutions are often impersonated.

b. Ransomware Attacks

Malware that encrypts files and demands ransom for access.
Several public and private institutions in Bangladesh have reported ransomware attacks in recent years.

c. Banking and Financial Sector Attacks

Bangladesh Bank’s SWIFT cyber heist (2016) remains one of the most high-profile cybercrimes globally.
Hackers attempted to steal nearly $1 billion; $81 million was successfully transferred.

d. Website Defacement

Hacktivist groups sometimes deface websites of government agencies or educational institutions.
These attacks are often politically motivated or carried out to demonstrate vulnerabilities.

e. Data Breaches

Personal data leakage from poorly secured databases of telecom companies, hospitals, or e-commerce platforms.

3. Government Initiatives and Cybersecurity Infrastructure

To combat growing cyber threats, the Government of Bangladesh has taken several initiatives:

a. Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC)

Operates under the ICT Division of the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications and Information Technology.
Coordinates national IT infrastructure, cybersecurity policies, and training programs.

b. Bangladesh e-Government Computer Incident Response Team (BGD e-GOV CIRT)

National-level Computer Incident Response Team responsible for monitoring and responding to cyber threats.
Offers services such as:
- Incident handling and coordination
- Digital forensics
- Vulnerability analysis
- Cybersecurity awareness programs
- International threat intelligence collaboration

c. Cyber Tribunal

Established to legally address cybercrime cases under the ICT Act and Digital Security Act.

d. Digital Security Act (DSA), 2018

A comprehensive law designed to regulate cybersecurity, combat cybercrime, and protect digital infrastructure.
Includes legal provisions for unauthorized access, digital fraud, defamation, and data protection.
However, the law has also faced criticism over its impact on freedom of expression.

4. Key Cybersecurity Institutions and Stakeholders

BGD e-GOV CIRT
Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC)
Digital Security Agency (DSA)
National Data Center
Cyber Crime Investigation Division under Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP)
Private sector cybersecurity firms (e.g., Genex Infosys, BJIT, etc.)
Educational Institutions offering cybersecurity degrees and training

5. Cybersecurity Challenges in Bangladesh

Despite progress, Bangladesh still faces several challenges in strengthening its cybersecurity posture:

a. Lack of Skilled Cybersecurity Professionals

A significant shortage of certified ethical hackers, security analysts, and incident responders.

b. Limited Awareness

Many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) lack basic cybersecurity hygiene.
Citizens are often unaware of risks associated with online banking, public Wi-Fi, or password management.

c. Inadequate Infrastructure

Many institutions still lack modern firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), or data encryption.

d. Fragmented Cybersecurity Policies

Overlapping responsibilities between different government agencies.
Need for a more unified and integrated national cybersecurity strategy.

e. Cross-Border Threats

Many attacks originate from international threat actors.
International cooperation and intelligence sharing need to be enhanced.

6. Recent Cybersecurity Developments and Initiatives

a. Cyber Drills and Exercises

Bangladesh participates in regional and global cyber drills (e.g., APCERT, ITU-led events) to test national readiness.

b. Cybersecurity Education and Training

Universities like BUET, NSU, and AIUB offer specialized courses.
Government-led workshops and capacity building programs are expanding.

c. Public-Private Partnerships (PPP)

Collaboration between government, ISPs, financial institutions, and tech companies.
Shared responsibility in managing cyber risk.

d. Cyber Insurance

Though in early stages, interest in cyber insurance is growing among financial institutions and large enterprises.

7. The Future of Cybersecurity in Bangladesh

To create a robust digital ecosystem, Bangladesh must focus on:

Developing a national cybersecurity strategy aligned with international standards (e.g., NIST, ISO/IEC 27001).
Creating a centralized cybersecurity command center for national-level coordination.
Investing in cyber R&D and innovation hubs
Strengthening data protection laws to ensure privacy and trust
Building cyber resilience into critical sectors like healthcare, finance, energy, and education
Enhancing international cooperation with regional neighbors and global agencies

Conclusion

Computer security in Bangladesh has become a national priority in the wake of increasing cyber threats. While the country has taken significant steps through institutions like BGD e-GOV CIRT and the Digital Security Act, much remains to be done in terms of awareness, infrastructure, and strategic coordination.

With continued investment, education, and public-private collaboration, Bangladesh can develop a strong cybersecurity ecosystem to safeguard its digital future and become a regional leader in cyber resilience.